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Mac-Source 1994 July
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C and C++
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Compilers⁄Interps
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little-c
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Little_C.c
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1993-10-04
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/* A Little C interpreter.
Herbert Schildt, "Building your own C interpreter."
Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools v14, n8 (August, 1989):38 (16 pages).
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef MACINTOSH
#include <console.h>
#endif
#define NUM_FUNC 100
#define NUM_GLOBAL_VARS 100
#define NUM_LOCAL_VARS 200
#define NUM_BLOCK 100
#define ID_LEN 31
#define FUNC_CALLS 31
#define NUM_PARAMS 31
#define PROG_SIZE 10000
#define LOOP_NEST 31
enum tok_types {DELIMITER, IDENTIFIER, NUMBER, KEYWORD,
TEMP, STRING, BLOCK};
/* add additional C keyword tokens here */
enum tokens {ARG, CHAR, INT, IF, ELSE, FOR, DO, WHILE,
SWITCH, RETURN, EOL, FINISHED, END};
/* add additional double operators here (such as ->) */
enum double_ops {LT=1, LE, GT, GE, EQ, NE};
/* These are the constants used to call sntx_err() when
a syntax error occurs. Add more if you like.
NOTE: SYNTAX is a generic error message used when
nothing else seems appropriate.
*/
enum error_msg
{SYNTAX, UNBAL_PARENS, NO_EXP, EQUALS_EXPECTED,
NOT_VAR, PARAM_ERR, SEMI_EXPECTED,
UNBAL_BRACES, FUNC_UNDEF, TYPE_EXPECTED,
NEST_FUNC, RET_NOCALL, PAREN_EXPECTED,
WHILE_EXPECTED, QUOTE_EXPECTED, NOT_TEMP,
TOO_MANY_LVARS};
char *prog; /* current location in source code */
char *p_buf; /* points to start of program buffer */
jmp_buf e_buf; /* hold environment for longjmp() */
/* An array of these structures will hold the info
associated with global variables.
*/
struct variable_type {
char var_name[ID_LEN];
int var_type;
int value;
} global_vars[NUM_GLOBAL_VARS];
struct variable_type local_var_stack[NUM_LOCAL_VARS];
struct func_type {
char func_name[ID_LEN];
char *loc; /* location of entry point in file */
} func_table[NUM_FUNC];
int call_stack[NUM_FUNC];
struct commands { /* keyword lookup table */
char command[20];
char tok;
} table[] = { /* Commands must be entered lowercase */
"if", IF, /* in this table. */
"else", ELSE,
"for", FOR,
"do", DO,
"while", WHILE,
"char", CHAR,
"int", INT,
"return",RETURN,
"end", END,
"", END /* mark end of table */
};
char token[80];
char token_type, tok;
int functos; /* index to top of function call stack */
int func_index; /* index into function table */
int gvar_index; /* index into global variable table */
int lvartos; /* index into local variable stack */
int ret_value; /* function return value */
void print(void), prescan(void);
void decl_global(void), call(void), putback(void);
void decl_local(void), local_push(struct variable_type i);
void eval_exp(int *value), sntx_err(int error);
void exec_if(void), find_eob(void), exec_for(void);
void get_params(void), get_args(void);
void exec_while(void), func_push(int i), exec_do(void);
void assign_var(char *var_name, int value);
int load_program(char *p, char *fname), find_var(char *s);
void interp_block(void), func_ret(void);
int func_pop(void), is_var(char *s), get_token(void);
char *find_func(char *name);
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("Little C Interpreter\n\n");
#ifdef MACINTOSH
argc = ccommand(&argv);
#endif
if(argc!=2) {
printf("usage: Little_C <filename>\n");
exit(1);
}
/* allocate memory for the program */
if((p_buf=(char *) malloc(PROG_SIZE))==NULL) {
printf("Program buffer allocation failure.");
exit(1);
}
/* set program pointer to start of program buffer */
prog = p_buf;
/* load the program to execute */
if(!load_program(p_buf, argv[1])) exit(1);
if(setjmp(e_buf)) exit(1); /* initialize long jump buffer */
prescan(); /* find the location of all functions
and global variables in the program */
gvar_index = 0; /* initialize global variable index */
lvartos = 0; /* initialize local variable stack index */
functos = 0; /* initialize the CALL stack index */
/* setup call to main() */
prog = find_func("main"); /* find program starting point */
prog--; /* back up to opening ( */
strcpy(token, "main");
call(); /* call main() to start interpreting */
return 0;
}
/* Interpret a single statement or block of code. When
interp_block() returns from it's initial call, the final
brace (or a return) in main() has been encountered.
*/
void interp_block(void)
{
int value;
char block = 0;
do {
token_type = get_token();
/* If interpreting single statement, return on
first semicolon.
*/
/* see what kind of token is up */
if(token_type==IDENTIFIER) {
/* Not a keyword, so process expression. */
putback(); /* restore token to input stream for
further processing by eval_exp() */
eval_exp(&value); /* process the expression */
if(*token!=';') sntx_err(SEMI_EXPECTED);
}
else if(token_type==BLOCK) { /* if block delimiter */
if(*token=='{') /* is a block */
block = 1; /* interpreting block, not statement */
else
return; /* is a }, so return */
}
else /* is keyword */
switch(tok) {
case CHAR:
case INT: /* declare local variables */
putback();
decl_local();
break;
case RETURN: /* return from function call */
func_ret();
return;
case IF: /* process an if statement */
exec_if();
break;
case ELSE: /* process an else statement */
find_eob(); /* find end of else block
and continue execution */
break;
case WHILE: /* process a while loop */
exec_while();
break;
case DO: /* process a do-while loop */
exec_do();
break;
case FOR: exec_for();
break;
case END:
exit(0);
}
} while (tok != FINISHED && block);
}
/* Load a program. */
load_program(char *p, char *fname)
{
FILE *fp;
int i, c;
i = 0;
if((fp=fopen(fname, "rb"))==NULL) return 0;
while ( (c=getc(fp)) != EOF && i < PROG_SIZE) {
*p = c; p++; i++;
#ifdef MACINTOSH
/* unfortunately, this interpreter knowns only \r\n as the end-of-line,
so I have to add a LF after a CR. t.s.yang 10/02/93 UCB */
if (c=='\r') {
*p = '\n';
p++; i++;
}
#endif
}
*(p-2) = '\0'; /* null terminate the program */
fclose(fp);
return 1;
}
/* Find the location of all functions in the program
and store global variables. */
void prescan(void)
{
char *p;
char temp[32];
int brace = 0; /* When 0, this var tells us that
current source position is outside
of any function. */
p = prog;
func_index = 0;
do {
while(brace) { /* bypass code inside functions */
get_token();
if(*token=='{') brace++;
if(*token=='}') brace--;
}
get_token();
if(tok==CHAR || tok==INT) { /* is global var */
putback();
decl_global();
}
else if(token_type==IDENTIFIER) {
strcpy(temp, token);
get_token();
if(*token=='(') { /* must be assume a function */
func_table[func_index].loc = prog;
strcpy(func_table[func_index].func_name, temp);
func_index++;
while(*prog!=')') prog++;
prog++;
/* prog points to opening curly brace of function */
}
else
putback();
}
else if(*token=='{')
brace++;
} while(tok!=FINISHED);
prog = p;
}
/* Return the entry point of the specified function.
Return NULL if not found.
*/
char *find_func(char *name)
{
register int i;
for(i=0; i<func_index; i++)
if(!strcmp(name, func_table[i].func_name))
return func_table[i].loc;
return NULL;
}
/* Declare a global variable. */
void decl_global(void)
{
get_token(); /* get type */
global_vars[gvar_index].var_type = tok;
global_vars[gvar_index].value = 0; /* init to 0 */
do { /* process comma-separated list */
get_token(); /* get name */
strcpy(global_vars[gvar_index].var_name, token);
get_token();
gvar_index++;
} while(*token==',');
if(*token!=';') sntx_err(SEMI_EXPECTED);
}
/* Declare a local variable. */
void decl_local(void)
{
struct variable_type i;
get_token(); /* get type */
i.var_type = tok;
i.value = 0; /* init to 0 */
do { /* process comma-separated list */
get_token(); /* get var name */
strcpy(i.var_name, token);
local_push(i);
get_token();
} while(*token==',');
if(*token!=';') sntx_err(SEMI_EXPECTED);
}
/* Call a function. */
void call(void)
{
char *loc, *temp;
int lvartemp;
loc = find_func(token); /* find entry point of function */
if(loc==NULL)
sntx_err(FUNC_UNDEF); /* function not defined */
else {
lvartemp = lvartos; /* save local var stack index */
get_args(); /* get function arguments */
temp = prog; /* save return location */
func_push(lvartemp); /* save local var stack index */
prog = loc; /* reset prog to start of function */
get_params(); /* load the function's parameters with
the values of the arguments */
interp_block(); /* interpret the function */
prog = temp; /* reset the program pointer */
lvartos = func_pop(); /* reset the local var stack */
}
}
/* Push the arguments to a function onto the local
variable stack. */
void get_args(void)
{
int value, count, temp[NUM_PARAMS];
struct variable_type i;
count = 0;
get_token();
if(*token!='(') sntx_err(PAREN_EXPECTED);
/* process a comma-separated list of values */
do {
eval_exp(&value);
temp[count] = value; /* save temporarily */
get_token();
count++;
} while(*token==',');
count--;
/* now, push on local_var_stack in reverse order */
for(; count>=0; count--) {
i.value = temp[count];
i.var_type = ARG;
local_push(i);
}
}
/* Get function parameters. */
void get_params(void)
{
struct variable_type *p;
int i;
i = lvartos-1;
do { /* process comma-separated list of parameters */
get_token();
p = &local_var_stack[i];
if(*token!=')') {
if(tok!=INT && tok!=CHAR) sntx_err(TYPE_EXPECTED);
p->var_type = token_type;
get_token();
/* link parameter name with argument already on
local var stack */
strcpy(p->var_name, token);
get_token();
i--;
}
else
break;
} while(*token==',');
if(*token!=')') sntx_err(PAREN_EXPECTED);
}
/* Return from a function. */
void func_ret(void)
{
int value;
value = 0;
/* get return value, if any */
eval_exp(&value);
ret_value = value;
}
/* Push local variable */
void local_push(struct variable_type i)
{
if(lvartos>NUM_LOCAL_VARS)
sntx_err(TOO_MANY_LVARS);
local_var_stack[lvartos] = i;
lvartos++;
}
/* Pop index into local variable stack. */
func_pop(void)
{
functos--;
if(functos<0) sntx_err(RET_NOCALL);
return(call_stack[functos]);
}
/* Push index of local variable stack. */
void func_push(int i)
{
if(functos>NUM_FUNC)
sntx_err(NEST_FUNC);
call_stack[functos] = i;
functos++;
}
/* Assign a value to a variable. */
void assign_var(char *var_name, int value)
{
register int i;
/* first, see if it's a local variable */
for(i=lvartos-1; i>=call_stack[functos-1]; i--) {
if(!strcmp(local_var_stack[i].var_name, var_name)) {
local_var_stack[i].value = value;
return;
}
}
if(i < call_stack[functos-1])
/* if not local, try global var table */
for(i=0; i<NUM_GLOBAL_VARS; i++)
if(!strcmp(global_vars[i].var_name, var_name)) {
global_vars[i].value = value;
return;
}
sntx_err(NOT_VAR); /* variable not found */
}
/* Find the value of a variable. */
int find_var(char *s)
{
register int i;
/* first, see if it's a local variable */
for(i=lvartos-1; i>=call_stack[functos-1]; i--)
if(!strcmp(local_var_stack[i].var_name, token))
return local_var_stack[i].value;
/* otherwise, try global vars */
for(i=0; i<NUM_GLOBAL_VARS; i++)
if(!strcmp(global_vars[i].var_name, s))
return global_vars[i].value;
sntx_err(NOT_VAR); /* variable not found */
}
/* Determine if an identifier is a variable. Return
1 if variable is found; 0 otherwise.
*/
int is_var(char *s)
{
register int i;
/* first, see if it's a local variable */
for(i=lvartos-1; i>=call_stack[functos-1]; i--)
if(!strcmp(local_var_stack[i].var_name, token))
return 1;
/* otherwise, try global vars */
for(i=0; i<NUM_GLOBAL_VARS; i++)
if(!strcmp(global_vars[i].var_name, s))
return 1;
return 0;
}
/* Execute an IF statement. */
void exec_if(void)
{
int cond;
eval_exp(&cond); /* get left expression */
if(cond) { /* is true so process target of IF */
interp_block();
} else { /* otherwise skip around IF block and
process the ELSE, if present */
find_eob(); /* find start of next line */
get_token();
if(tok!=ELSE) {
putback(); /* restore token if
no ELSE is present */
return;
}
interp_block();
}
}
/* Execute a while loop. */
void exec_while(void)
{
int cond;
char *temp;
putback();
temp = prog; /* save location of top of while loop */
get_token();
eval_exp(&cond); /* check the conditional expression */
if(cond)
interp_block(); /* if true, interpret */
else { /* otherwise, skip around loop */
find_eob();
return;
}
prog = temp; /* loop back to top */
}
/*Execute a do loop. */
void exec_do(void)
{
int cond;
char *temp;
putback();
temp = prog; /* save location of top of do loop */
get_token(); /* get start of loop */
interp_block(); /* interpret loop */
get_token();
if(tok!=WHILE) sntx_err(WHILE_EXPECTED);
eval_exp(&cond); /* check the loop condition */
if(cond) prog = temp; /* if true loop; otherwise,
continue on */
}
/* Find the end of a block. */
void find_eob(void)
{
int brace;
get_token();
brace = 1;
do {
get_token();
if(*token=='{') brace++;
else if(*token=='}') brace--;
} while(brace);
}
/* Execute a while loop. */
void exec_for(void)
{
int cond;
char *temp, *temp2;
int brace ;
get_token();
eval_exp(&cond); /*initialization expression */
if(*token!=';')
sntx_err(SEMI_EXPECTED);
prog++; /* get past the ; */
temp = prog;
for(;;) {
eval_exp(&cond); /* check the condition */
if(*token!=';')
sntx_err(SEMI_EXPECTED);
prog++; /* get past the ; */
temp2 = prog;
/* find the start of the for block */
brace = 1;
while(brace) {
get_token();
if(*token=='(') brace++;
if(*token==')') brace--;
}
if(cond)
interp_block(); /* if true, interpret */
else { /* otherwise, skip around loop */
find_eob();
return;
}
prog = temp2;
eval_exp(&cond); /* do the increment */
prog = temp; /* loop back to top */
}
}